Retirement abroad destinations offer a world of opportunities for those seeking adventure, relaxation, and a new way of life. Imagine waking up to stunning views, enjoying a vibrant culture, and experiencing a cost of living that allows for a more leisurely lifestyle. Countries like Mexico, Portugal, and Costa Rica are not just popular choices; they each provide unique charms that cater to the diverse needs of retirees.
From gorgeous beaches and rich histories to welcoming communities, these destinations promise a fulfilling retirement experience. Understanding the intricacies of each location, including climate, healthcare, and local customs, can pave the way for a seamless transition into this exciting new chapter of life.
Exploring the Various Retirement Locations Around the World
Retiring abroad is an enticing option for many individuals looking to embrace new experiences, cultures, and lifestyles. The allure of sunny beaches, vibrant communities, and lower living costs draws retirees to various corners of the globe. With the right destination, retirement can transform into an adventure filled with exploration and relaxation.
Several countries stand out as prime locations for retirement due to their favorable climates, affordable living, and rich cultural experiences. Understanding these factors can help retirees make informed decisions about their future home.
Top Retirement Countries
The following countries have gained popularity among retirees for their unique offerings. This list highlights what makes each destination special regarding climate, cost of living, and cultural experiences.
- Mexico: Known for its warm climate and vibrant culture, Mexico offers a low cost of living that is appealing to retirees. Many expats settle in coastal towns like Puerto Vallarta and Playa del Carmen, where they can enjoy beautiful beaches, rich history, and a welcoming community. Additionally, healthcare is both accessible and affordable, making it a practical choice.
- Portugal: With its stunning coastlines, mild Mediterranean climate, and friendly locals, Portugal has become a top choice for retirees. The Algarve region is particularly popular, famous for its picturesque landscapes and golf courses. The cost of living is relatively low, and the country boasts a rich cultural heritage, delicious cuisine, and a relaxed pace of life.
- Costa Rica: Often celebrated for its biodiversity and commitment to environmental sustainability, Costa Rica offers retirees a unique lifestyle surrounded by nature. The cost of living is reasonable, especially outside major cities. Retirees can enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking and birdwatching, along with a friendly expat community that embraces the “pura vida” philosophy of living life to the fullest.
“Retirement abroad is not just about the destination; it’s about creating a new chapter filled with experiences that enrich your life.”
Climate, cost of living, and cultural experiences vary greatly across these top retirement destinations. Each country presents a unique blend of natural beauty and lifestyle opportunities that can cater to diverse preferences and needs, helping retirees find their perfect home away from home.
The Financial Considerations of Retiring Abroad
Retiring abroad can be an exciting adventure, but it’s also essential to navigate the financial landscape carefully. Understanding the financial implications of living in a foreign country is crucial to ensuring a comfortable retirement. Factors such as local tax laws, cost of living adjustments, and effective budgeting strategies will play a significant role in your financial stability while living abroad.
Understanding local tax laws and cost of living adjustments is vital for anyone considering retirement in another country. Each nation has its own tax regulations, and failing to comply could lead to unexpected penalties. Additionally, the cost of living can vary dramatically from country to country, impacting how far your retirement savings will stretch. For example, a couple retiring in Portugal might find that their money goes further due to lower housing and healthcare costs compared to the United States.
Understanding Local Tax Laws
Familiarizing yourself with the local tax laws of your chosen retirement destination can prevent financial pitfalls. Each country has distinct rules regarding income tax, capital gains tax, and inheritance tax, which can significantly affect your overall financial situation. It’s critical to research how your income sources, such as pensions and savings withdrawals, will be taxed.
It’s essential to consult with a tax professional familiar with both your home country’s tax laws and those of your retirement destination.
Cost of Living Adjustments
The cost of living in your new country can greatly influence your retirement budget. This includes expenses for housing, groceries, healthcare, transportation, and entertainment. Understanding these costs can help you plan effectively.
Consider the following aspects that impact your cost of living:
- Housing: Rental prices and property taxes can vary significantly. For example, while a two-bedroom apartment in Mexico City may cost $1,200, similar accommodations in Lisbon could be around $1,500.
- Healthcare: Investigate if your insurance covers overseas medical costs or if you need to purchase local health insurance. Some countries offer excellent healthcare at a fraction of the cost compared to the U.S.
- Groceries and Daily Expenses: Compare prices of everyday items; for instance, a loaf of bread may cost $2 in Vietnam but could be $4 in Sweden.
Effective Budgeting Strategies
Budgeting effectively while living abroad is critical for maintaining financial health. Here are some strategies to consider:
Start by creating a detailed monthly budget that includes all predictable expenses. Track your spending for the first few months to identify any unexpected costs or areas where you can save.
- Currency Exchange Tips: Monitor exchange rates and consider using multi-currency accounts to minimize conversion fees. Apps can help you find the best rates when making transactions.
- Emergency Fund: Maintain an emergency fund in both your home currency and the local currency to navigate unexpected expenses without stress.
- Utilizing Local Discounts: Look for local discounts and loyalty programs to save on everyday purchases.
Navigating Healthcare Options When Retiring in a New Country
Retiring abroad can be an exciting adventure, but navigating the healthcare system in a new country is crucial for ensuring your well-being. As you transition into a different lifestyle, understanding how healthcare operates in your chosen destination can provide peace of mind. Each country has its own unique healthcare system, which can significantly impact your experience as an expatriate.
Healthcare systems vary widely across global retirement hotspots, with countries like Costa Rica, Portugal, and Mexico often cited as favorites among retirees. Costa Rica is known for its universal healthcare system, which offers affordable care to both citizens and foreigners. Portugal combines high-quality public healthcare with private options, allowing retirees to select the best fit for their needs. Mexico boasts a mix of public and private healthcare services, with private care often being relatively inexpensive and of high quality, making it an attractive option for many.
Understanding Health Insurance and Accessing Medical Care
Obtaining health insurance is a vital step when relocating for retirement. Each country has different regulations regarding health coverage for non-residents, which can affect your choices. Here are key considerations when exploring your options:
- Research local health insurance providers that cater specifically to expatriates. Many global insurance companies offer plans that include international coverage, which can be beneficial if you plan to travel frequently.
- Consider the level of coverage you need. Look for plans that cover routine check-ups, emergency services, and specialized care, particularly if you have pre-existing conditions.
- Understand how to access medical services in your new country. For example, in countries like Spain and Italy, you may need to register with a local healthcare provider to receive services under the public system.
Healthcare access often involves navigating both private and public sectors. In places like Thailand, for example, many retirees find that private hospitals offer quicker service and higher standards of care compared to public facilities. Despite the initial cost, the benefits of private healthcare can make it a worthwhile investment.
Maintaining Health and Wellness in a New Environment
Adapting to a different lifestyle while ensuring your health and wellness can be challenging but also fulfilling. Embracing local customs and integrating them into your daily routine can enhance your overall well-being. Here are some strategies to consider:
- Engage with local communities to promote a sense of belonging. Joining clubs or groups with similar interests can foster friendships and provide emotional support.
- Explore local cuisine and learn to prepare healthy meals using regional ingredients. This can be both enjoyable and beneficial for maintaining a balanced diet.
- Incorporate physical activities that are popular in your new location, such as hiking in the mountains of Colombia or swimming in the Mediterranean. Staying active is essential for physical health and mental well-being.
“The key to thriving in a new country is not only understanding its healthcare system but also immersing yourself in its culture.”
Understanding Visa and Residency Requirements for Foreign Retirees
Navigating the process of obtaining a visa and residency can be one of the most crucial steps for retirees looking to settle abroad. Each country has its own set of rules and requirements, which can vary significantly based on nationality and personal circumstances. Understanding these requirements is essential for ensuring a smooth transition into retirement in a foreign land.
The process of obtaining residency typically involves several steps, including the application for a suitable visa and meeting specific residency criteria. This can sometimes be cumbersome, as retirees may face challenges such as bureaucratic delays or changes in immigration laws. Here’s a closer look at the types of visas available for retirees and the steps involved in securing residency.
Types of Visas for Retirees
Different countries offer various visa options for retirees, each with its own eligibility criteria. Here’s an overview of some common visa types available in popular retirement destinations:
- Retirement Visa: Many countries, such as Spain and Malaysia, offer specific retirement visas aimed at individuals over a certain age who can prove a stable income source.
- Investor Visa: Countries like Portugal provide investor visas for retirees who are willing to make a significant financial investment in the local economy, such as purchasing property.
- Long-Stay Visa: France, for example, issues long-stay visas that can be converted into a residency permit after a year, allowing retirees to stay for extended periods.
- Temporary Visa: Some countries may allow retirees to stay on a temporary visa for a specified period before needing to apply for residency.
Process of Obtaining Residency
Obtaining residency as a retiree often involves submitting an application that includes various documents and meeting specific requirements. It’s essential to understand the steps involved to avoid potential challenges:
1. Gather Required Documents: This typically includes proof of income, health insurance, and sometimes a clean criminal record.
2. Submit Application: Applications can usually be submitted online or in-person at consulates or immigration offices.
3. Attend Interviews: Some countries may require an in-person interview as part of the residency process.
4. Wait for Approval: Processing times can vary; it’s advisable to remain patient and follow up if necessary.
Challenges may arise during this process, such as misunderstandings regarding documentation or delays in processing. It’s crucial to stay informed about the local immigration laws and to seek assistance from professionals if needed.
Compliance with Local Laws and Regulations
Ensuring compliance with local immigration laws is vital for retirees living abroad. Non-compliance can lead to significant consequences, including potential deportation. Here are some tips for maintaining compliance:
– Always stay updated on visa expiration dates and renewal requirements.
– Maintain necessary health insurance as stipulated by the visa conditions.
– Register with local authorities if required, which might include notifying them of any address changes.
– Keep records of all immigration-related documents organized and accessible for reference.
“Understanding the local laws and regulations can significantly ease the transition into retirement abroad.”
Following these guidelines can help retirees navigate the complexities of visa and residency requirements with greater confidence, contributing to a fulfilling retirement experience in a new country.
Cultural Adaptations for a Smoother Transition During Retirement Abroad
Relocating to a new country for retirement can be an exhilarating adventure, but it also presents unique challenges. One of the most significant aspects of making this transition successful lies in cultural adaptation. Embracing local customs and integrating into the community can enhance your experience and create a more fulfilling retirement.
Understanding and respecting local traditions is essential in establishing a connection with your new home. Each culture has its own values, customs, and social norms that shape daily life. Engaging actively with these traditions not only enriches your experience but also fosters goodwill and acceptance among locals. For instance, participating in local festivals, trying regional cuisine, and observing customary practices can provide insights into the culture and create opportunities for friendships.
Strategies for Overcoming Language Barriers
Navigating a new language can be daunting, yet it is vital for enhancing social interactions. Effective communication opens doors to new relationships and deepens one’s understanding of the local culture. Here are some strategies to facilitate language learning and improve social engagement:
- Enroll in local language classes or workshops. Many communities offer courses specifically designed for expatriates.
- Utilize language learning apps and online resources to practice daily. These tools can help you build vocabulary and pronunciation skills.
- Engage in conversation exchanges with native speakers. This approach not only aids language acquisition but also allows for cultural exchanges.
- Try to incorporate the language into daily life, such as reading local newspapers, watching television, or listening to music in the target language.
“Learning the local language can significantly enhance your ability to connect with others, making you feel more at home.”
Joining Local Communities and Organizations
Becoming part of local organizations can greatly alleviate feelings of isolation and facilitate social integration. Communities often have groups or clubs that welcome newcomers and provide a sense of belonging. Here are some examples of how to engage with local communities:
- Consider joining sports clubs or fitness groups. These environments foster camaraderie and allow for easy interaction through shared interests.
- Participate in volunteer opportunities. Giving back to the community can create meaningful connections while also making a positive impact.
- Attend local events such as art shows, farmers’ markets, or community festivals. These gatherings offer an excellent way to meet locals and immerse yourself in the culture.
- Seek out expatriate forums or social clubs where you can meet others experiencing similar transitions, creating a support network.
“Building connections with locals and fellow expatriates enriches your retirement experience and contributes to a fulfilling life abroad.”
Evaluating Safety and Security in Retirement Destinations
Choosing the right retirement destination goes beyond the beauty of landscapes and the cost of living; safety and security are paramount considerations. Evaluating the safety ratings of various countries gives retirees a clearer picture of what to expect. Understanding local crime rates, health services, and emergency preparedness can greatly enhance the experience of living abroad.
Safety ratings vary widely across different regions. Countries like Portugal, New Zealand, and Canada frequently top the lists for safety, characterized by low crime rates and a high quality of life. Conversely, some regions may have higher crime rates or political instability, necessitating due diligence before making a decision. When assessing security, consider not only the crime statistics but also social factors such as community engagement, healthcare availability, and local governance.
Safety Ratings and Local Resources
When evaluating safety ratings, it’s essential to look at various resources that compile crime statistics and safety reports. Government websites, expatriate forums, and organizations such as the Global Peace Index offer valuable insights into the safety of different countries. Important factors to consider include:
- Crime Rates: Analyze both violent and non-violent crime statistics.
- Political Stability: Research any recent political unrest or changes in government.
- Healthcare Quality: Investigate the accessibility and quality of healthcare services available to retirees.
Understanding emergency preparedness in your chosen destination can significantly enhance your safety. Assessing local resources will provide a clearer picture of how to proceed in emergencies. Here are key aspects to consider:
- Emergency Services: Know the local emergency numbers and the response times of police, fire, and medical services.
- Local Support Networks: Look for expatriate communities that offer support and share valuable safety tips.
- Health Insurance: Ensure you have comprehensive health insurance that covers international emergencies.
Staying safe involves being aware of your surroundings and recognizing potential pitfalls. Here are practical tips for maintaining safety while living abroad:
- Stay Informed: Regularly check local news sources for updates on safety issues in your area.
- Blend In: Avoid drawing attention to yourself as a tourist or expatriate to minimize risks.
- Trust Your Instincts: If a situation feels unsafe, prioritize your well-being and remove yourself from it.
- Network: Build relationships with locals who can offer insights into safe practices and hidden dangers.
“Safety is not just a priority; it’s a necessity for enjoying your retirement abroad.”
The Role of Technology in Facilitating a Comfortable Retirement Abroad
Technology plays a vital role in enhancing the experience of retirees living abroad, providing them with tools to maintain connections, manage everyday tasks, and enjoy a fulfilling lifestyle. As communication methods evolve, retirees can leverage various technological advancements to feel closer to family and friends, even from afar. With the right digital resources, managing day-to-day activities becomes more efficient, allowing expatriates to focus on enjoying their new surroundings.
Staying Connected with Family and Friends
The ability to connect with loved ones is essential for those living away from home, and technology offers various avenues to bridge that gap. Video calling applications have become a staple for many retirees, enabling face-to-face interactions regardless of geographical distance.
Key applications and tools include:
- Zoom: Widely used for video conferencing, it allows retirees to host virtual family gatherings or catch up with friends effortlessly.
- WhatsApp: This messaging app facilitates instant communication through texts, voice messages, and video calls, providing a convenient way to stay in touch.
- Facebook: A social media platform that helps retirees share updates and photos, keeping family and friends engaged with their experiences abroad.
Importance of Internet Access and Digital Resources
Internet access is crucial for retirees, as it empowers them to stay organized and informed. Reliable internet connectivity enables access to various digital resources that simplify daily life, from healthcare appointments to financial management.
Consider the following digital resources beneficial for expatriates:
- Online Banking Services: These services allow retirees to manage their finances, pay bills, and monitor transactions securely from anywhere in the world.
- Telehealth Services: Access to online medical consultations ensures retirees can receive timely healthcare without the need to travel, especially in an unfamiliar country.
- Local Community Forums: Online platforms like Facebook Groups or local expat forums help retirees connect with others in their area, providing support and sharing valuable local insights.
Applications and Tools for Daily Life
Several applications are particularly useful for expatriates navigating their daily lives abroad. These tools can assist with everything from language translation to local navigation, making the transition smoother.
Examples of practical applications include:
- Google Translate: A must-have for retirees in non-English speaking countries, this app helps with translation in real-time, making communication easier.
- Uber or local taxi apps: These transportation services enable seniors to travel conveniently without the stress of navigating new public transport systems.
- Duolingo: Learning a new language can enhance the expatriate experience, and this app offers a fun way to grasp basic communication skills in the local language.
“Technology is not just a tool; it can give you a voice to communicate and a means to manage your life abroad.”
In conclusion, as technology continues to evolve, retirees can expect an increasingly seamless experience while living abroad. Embracing these tools not only fosters connection but also enhances the overall quality of life for expatriates, regardless of where they choose to settle.
Discovering Activities and Leisure Opportunities in Retirement Locations
Retirement is not just about relaxation; it’s an opportunity to explore new interests and engage with local cultures. Many popular retirement destinations offer an abundance of activities and leisure pursuits that cater to different lifestyles, whether you enjoy vibrant social scenes or tranquil natural escapes. This exploration of recreational options can significantly enhance the overall retirement experience.
The types of leisure activities available often reflect the local culture, providing retirees with unique experiences that enrich their lives. Engaging with these cultural activities fosters social connections and creates a sense of belonging within the community. Here, we’ll delve into some of the recreational opportunities in select retirement hotspots around the world.
Recreational Activities in Popular Retirement Destinations
Understanding the recreational landscape of each retirement destination is crucial for selecting the ideal place to spend your golden years. Each location comes with its own set of activities, shaped by geography, culture, and community involvement. Below is a list of notable retirement countries along with their unique activities.
- Spain: Known for its warm climate and rich history, Spain offers retirees a chance to join numerous festivals, explore local art scenes, and enjoy outdoor activities like hiking in the Sierra Nevada or relaxing on the Mediterranean beaches. The annual Feria de Abril in Seville is a must-try cultural experience that showcases flamenco dance and local cuisine.
- Portugal: Portugal boasts stunning coastlines and a laid-back lifestyle. Retirees can engage in wine tasting in the Douro Valley, play golf in the Algarve, or take part in community events such as the Festa de São João in Porto, where locals celebrate with fireworks and street parties.
- Mexico: The vibrant culture of Mexico invites retirees to explore traditional markets, partake in culinary classes, and enjoy local dances. The annual Guelaguetza festival in Oaxaca is a colorful celebration of indigenous culture and is a unique experience that shouldn’t be missed.
- Costa Rica: This destination is renowned for its natural beauty and eco-tourism. Retirees can engage in activities such as zip-lining through rainforests, bird-watching on the Pacific coast, or participating in yoga retreats. The Pura Vida lifestyle also encourages a relaxed, community-oriented way of living.
- Thailand: Known for its warm hospitality and vibrant culture, Thailand offers retirees opportunities for cooking classes, Muay Thai training, or exploring ancient temples. The Songkran festival, also known as the Thai New Year, is a lively water festival that promotes fun and community spirit.
Each of these activities not only provides enjoyment but also facilitates social engagement, allowing retirees to connect with others who share similar interests. Embracing local traditions, festivals, and recreational pursuits can transform an ordinary retirement into a vibrant and fulfilling chapter of life.
“Engaging with cultural and recreational activities enriches the retirement experience and fosters a sense of community.”
Retirees are encouraged to immerse themselves in these local experiences to fully appreciate the richness each destination has to offer. Activities range from leisurely pursuits to thrilling adventures, ensuring that every retiree can find something that resonates with their interests and lifestyle.
Preparing for the Emotional Aspects of Retiring Abroad
Retiring abroad can be an exciting adventure filled with new opportunities and experiences. However, it also comes with emotional challenges that many retirees may not anticipate. Transitioning to a new country can evoke feelings of uncertainty, nostalgia, and even isolation. Understanding these emotional aspects is vital for ensuring a fulfilling retirement experience.
Relocating to a different country often means leaving behind the familiar environment of home, including family, friends, and established routines. This change can result in emotional upheaval, such as homesickness or social isolation, as retirees navigate their new surroundings. Acknowledging these feelings is the first step toward managing them effectively.
Managing Feelings of Isolation and Homesickness
Recognizing and addressing feelings of loneliness or homesickness is essential for emotional well-being. Adapting to a new culture can be daunting, but there are strategies that can help ease this transition.
One effective approach is to establish a routine that includes social interactions with others. Engaging in local activities, joining clubs, or attending language classes can help retirees meet new people and build connections in their new community. Additionally, being proactive in reaching out to neighbors or participating in community events can foster a sense of belonging.
Here are some strategies that can help manage feelings of isolation and homesickness:
- Stay Connected: Regularly communicate with family and friends back home through video calls, social media, or messaging apps. This helps maintain emotional ties and provides support.
- Explore Your Surroundings: Take time to discover your new environment. Visiting local attractions, parks, or markets can create a sense of adventure and excitement.
- Practice Mindfulness: Engage in mindfulness activities such as meditation or yoga to help reduce anxiety and improve emotional resilience.
- Seek Professional Help: If feelings of homesickness become overwhelming, consider consulting a counselor or therapist who understands the challenges of expatriates.
Finding Support Groups and Resources
Connecting with others who share similar experiences can significantly enhance emotional well-being during retirement abroad. Many expatriate communities offer support groups that provide a platform for sharing experiences, advice, and encouragement.
Researching local expatriate organizations or clubs can help retirees find camaraderie among fellow newcomers. These groups often host social events, workshops, and excursions that not only facilitate friendships but also enhance the overall expatriate experience.
It’s also beneficial to seek local resources that can support emotional health. Many communities have organizations dedicated to helping expatriates adjust, providing resources such as counseling services, cultural workshops, and social gatherings.
In summary, preparing for the emotional aspects of retiring abroad is crucial. By proactively addressing feelings of loneliness and seeking out community support, retirees can create a fulfilling and enriching experience in their new home.
The Importance of Planning Visits to Potential Retirement Destinations
When considering retirement abroad, taking the time to personally visit potential destinations can make a significant difference in your decision-making process. Scouting locations allows you to gather firsthand experiences, evaluate facilities, and connect with local communities before making a permanent move. This proactive approach not only minimizes the risk of future regrets but also enhances your overall confidence in choosing the right place to settle down.
Before embarking on a retirement journey, organizing a detailed visit that balances leisure and practical assessments is essential. A well-structured itinerary can help you assess various attributes of a potential destination, ensuring that it aligns with your lifestyle preferences and needs. This dual focus on relaxation and evaluation is key to making an informed choice.
Organizing Your Visit for Effective Evaluation
A successful visit to a potential retirement destination involves several strategic elements. By prioritizing your goals and planning accordingly, you can maximize what you learn during your trip. Here are some tips to ensure your visit is both enjoyable and productive:
- Research local attractions and activities ahead of time to incorporate leisure into your itinerary. Explore cultural experiences, parks, and recreational opportunities that resonate with your interests.
- Schedule meetings with local expatriate groups or community organizations. Connecting with people who have already made the move can provide valuable insights and help you gauge the community vibe.
- Utilize guided tours or locals to understand the geography and accessibility of the area. This will help you identify essential services like grocery stores, healthcare facilities, and recreational centers.
- Allow time for spontaneous exploration. Sometimes the most valuable insights come from wandering around neighborhoods and interacting with locals, which can reveal the true character of a place.
Evaluating Neighborhoods and Community Dynamics
As you explore various neighborhoods, it’s important to assess both the physical environment and the sense of community. Engaging with the dynamics of the area can significantly influence your decision. Here are key factors to consider:
- Examine the overall safety and cleanliness of the neighborhood. Take note of how well-maintained the public spaces and facilities are.
- Observe the demographics and social interactions among residents. This can help you understand the community’s culture and whether it aligns with your lifestyle.
- Identify availability and quality of local services, such as transportation options, healthcare facilities, and shopping centers. Easy access to essential amenities can greatly enhance your living experience.
- Look for signs of community engagement, such as local events, social gatherings, or volunteer opportunities. A vibrant community can provide both support and companionship.
“Visiting potential retirement destinations empowers you to make informed decisions that can positively impact your quality of life for years to come.”
Outcome Summary
In conclusion, exploring retirement abroad destinations is not just about finding a place to live; it’s about embracing a new culture, enjoying financial benefits, and enhancing your overall quality of life. With the right planning, retirees can enjoy the adventure of a lifetime while making meaningful connections and creating lasting memories in their new homes. So why not take the leap and start discovering the possibilities that await you?
Questions and Answers
What are the top countries for retiring abroad?
Popular choices include Mexico, Portugal, and Costa Rica due to their warm climates, affordable living, and expat-friendly communities.
How do I manage healthcare while living abroad?
Research local healthcare systems and consider obtaining international health insurance to ensure access to medical care.
What should I know about local taxes as a retiree abroad?
Understanding local tax laws is crucial; consult a tax advisor familiar with international regulations to avoid surprises.
Are there language barriers in retirement destinations?
Yes, but many retirees overcome this by taking language classes and engaging with local communities.
How can I find social connections in a new country?
Joining local clubs, volunteering, or participating in community events are great ways to meet new people and build friendships.